The twentieth century highlighted a problem between the increasing knowledge of the causes and consequences of climate change and the growing concern that climate change is an intractable problem. Then the understanding of climate change as a global process came, and the first approach to its solution was proposed. The Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) from the United Nations consisted of international cooperation based on multilateral environmental agreements. However, other international agreements apart from the Kyoto Protocol have shown their ineffectiveness in reducing emissions' policy. There has been no legally binding global climate agreement since the end of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012.

Alternative narratives promoted by enthusiastic scientists have emerged. Mainly the idea is about climate-forming ecosystems' recreating. In the Nature Geoscience journal the release of methane from melting permafrost is called the methane bomb of the Arctic. It can affect the globe. In this connection, the Pleistocene Park in Yakutia is the unique project. It appears to be an experiment to save the world. The idea of the community of scientists is to restore the ecosystem of the "mammoth steppe" in the modern Arctic. The large animals (musk oxen, bison) trample down the snow and prevent the melting of permafrost, trap methane in it. The grass absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and accumulates in the soil. The long roots of grasses retain it. Such experiments can be scaled up to other Arctic countries.